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Astro-Dictionary: Local Group |
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The Local Group consists of a number of galaxies that lie in the vicinity of the Milky Way and are all gravitationally bound to each other. The term was first used by Edwin Hubble in 1936. In addition to the Milky Way, he included the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, M31 in Andromeda and its two satellite galaxies, M32 and NGC 205 (M110), M33 in Triangulum, NGC 6822 in Sagittarius and IC 1613 in Cetus. In subsequent years other galaxies have been identified as belonging to the local group, adding up at the rate of about four per decade. The Local Group now consists of 35 known member galaxies, divided between two subgroups – the Milky Way and its companions and the somewhat smaller Andromeda subgroup. With the exception of giant elipticals, all galaxy types are represented in the Local Group, with the largest being the three spirals (the Milky Way, M31, and M33). Quite a few Local Group members are nearby dwarf ellipticals. There are also free-floating galaxies between the subgroups. The Local Group is just one of many gravitational associations of galaxies, which seem to give structure to the way galaxies are arrayed within the known universe.